Wednesday, August 26, 2020

A Web Designing Company

Question: Appraisal Task - Web Design Company Article (Case Study)In groundwork for work in the website composition industry understudies are required to choose a website composition improvement organization and embrace research that will build up the aptitudes and the executives expected to work for or setting up an organization for themselves. Answer: Presentation Accomplish Internet is a site designer for the Drupal endeavor. They create sites for global organizations and associations. One of their driving customers is Hunter undertaking which is a market head in water system procedures and apparatuses. The contextual analysis is based around the advancement of another site for their customer Hunter undertaking which will unite the perplexing administration arrangement of the endeavor to exhibit their 1900 items to the global market in six distinct dialects (Yang, 2014). For the making of this contextual investigation it was imperative to visit the accomplish venture office and by and by meet the undertaking contact at the tracker and fuse their client cites into the specialized subtleties composed by the accomplish engineers. Inquiries Questions What was the test that should have been met by the Achieve designs on creating site page for Hunter Industries? How was the issue for the deciphered destinations unraveled? How was the unpredictability of the item pages comprehended? What arrangements were taken before the procedure started? What were the difficulties looked by the designing group and how did they defeated it? How was your experience about the Achieve group and what are the tentative arrangements? What are the characteristics of a decent creator? The Challenge The Hunter ventures is a main producer of the water system offices for property holders just as business properties like fairways and sports fields. The current page of the Hunter was created with static pages and contained a ton of anomalies. The old pages were not refreshed as new items were being created and this legitimately influenced the watchers of the site page because of enormous number of obsolete data. The greatest contender of the Hunter venture had built up a superior site than the promotion for a similar Hunter reached the accomplish web to manufacture a site which would be the showcasing wheel of their organization , appearing of the considerable number of benefits of the organization and bringing in the clients (Xing, Li and Jing, 2011). Tracker businesses is a B2B organization and in this way their prime clients were outside installers and temporary workers. The site was not worked for online business yet it gave all the data viewing the items as a retail location gives before buy, so it was significant for accomplish to hold that data and it ought to be even good with the old programs the companys essential clients use (Su and Tang, 2013). Why drupal (accomplish web) was picked? Tracker assessed three different CMSs and in excess of seven organizations before picking Drupal. Drupal had the notoriety of overseeing a lot of information and they truly required that as a need in light of the fact that the information of Hunter was actually quite huge. Presently their activity was to discover web planning organization which had a solid information on Drupal and information structure. Accomplish came into picture from that point forward as they hung out in that division. The past destinations being made of static pages the help articles were not refreshed with the goal that ongoing items could be presented. The help branch of the Hunter enterprises were the individuals who pushed the arrangement of refreshing the site with Drupal tech which have empowered them to stay up with the latest (Starr, 2013). The Advantage Of Translation The Hunter ventures being a worldwide organization has contractual workers and clients everywhere throughout the world including Saudi Arabia, China, France and numerous other. Their business is executed in more than 24 dialects, and the development of the universal fragment of the organization has gotten 40% from 5% over the most recent couple of years. Accordingly the interpretation of their website pages was a game changing exertion on their side to improve the business abroad (Spragins, 1998). Accomplish deciphered the base site which was in the US English language. The interpretation procedure ought to be as simple and computerized as could reasonably be expected. A media interpretation model was created by the Achieve for this reason which would empower the Hunter to gather all their related media into an interpretation set and the naturally show the right document for that language site without stacking the media record to all the deciphered hubs. At the point when Hunter make s an interpretation set and the base media document to the base item hub and consequently the rectified media records are naturally shown on the right locales (Schmidt, Liu and Sridharan, 2009). Nothing Is Simpler Than A Complex Issue for Achieve The site page was exceptionally perplexing before the usage by the Achieve group. The related pages were hard to be found by the guest and moving from item to item was a mind boggling process. Accomplish now has actualized every item in the water system line has its own page in the site now. The item picture display and recordings are exceptionally point by point and infectious, empowering the watchers with enough subtleties to illuminate all the enquiries. Every one of the item page likewise has a broad data insight regarding the item which can be gotten to by tab in the base of the item screen. Establishment guides, detail archives and support and investigating reports are additionally remembered for the pages. The majority of the significant items additionally have graphs clarifying the advantages and determinations of the relatable items. The development of the client from item to item has likewise gotten exceptionally simple with the incorporation of menu framework in the left s ide bar. It has likewise included more than 1600 PDF CAD records in the broad help and establishment bolster data, WORD reports and PowerPoint slides are additionally included, each with a thumbnail and metatag data. The incorporation of every one of these capacities on the sites has helped the water system installers and the maintainers comprehend a great deal of the upkeep issues, by furnishing them with simple access to the data in the field and consequently lessens the help expenses of the organization (Ross, 2002). Media Files Implementation Accomplish understood that even before the inception of the undertaking the most basic requirement for the organization is to collect and find with the goal that a large number of media documents ca be overseen, including picture records, recordings, PDFs, compress records and various other comprising a sum of 41 expansion records. Accomplish made Views media program module for Hunter which uses the intensity of the Drupal see module and consequently gives a modified perusing experience while scanning for or choosing media records (Mitchell, 2010). Tracker routinely refreshes their media record so they asked Achieve to execute something which probably won't delete the old documents however simply be supplanted by the new records. They made a media module update for them which was made from the base of Drupal 7 center (Korman, 2006). The incorporation of the media records on the Hunter webpage, for example, PDF records, JPEGs, Microsoft word reports, compress documents and in like manner records were critical to be remembered for the query items of the site. The current inquiry module Solr search which can't record the genuine record content viably, for example, the substance of the report documents. Accomplish created ApacheSolr media module can list the fields inside the media fields including titles, depictions and scientific classifications which can successfully look for substance in any document. The custom module components created by Achieve permits any client to see how the asset library, bolster library and the contextual analysis library of Hunter venture works. They can search for anything beginning from item type client type or area and surfaces the data actually serenely for them. That was an outright perfect work of art search module created by the Achieve for the Hunter venture. Accomplish has lik ewise incorporated the site with a numerous number of greeting pages which helps in the area of data in a comparative arrangement of data. They are for the portrayal of item and product offerings, bolster archives and assets like promoting PDFs. The points of arrival have broad sifting abilities which can remove any snippet of data required by the client or confined pursuit is likewise present which searches kind of list items just in the presentation page (Fan, 2014). Difficulties Faced By the Engineers The difficult part was the association of the data part inside and the procedure by which the substance makers will effectively deal with the data. It was one of the many intriguing difficulties looked by the Achieve group in the venture. The primary obstruction to be beaten was the powerful execution of the perplexing item pages, the tabs and the implanted outlines. Boards, graphs, settings and custom pages were executed as answers for the issue, yet custom page was discovered generally reasonable. The position of the components of the page was to be done effectively, for example, picture displays and the squares on the correct side of the page without content wrapping was ending up being an issue. Indeed, even the Drupal squares were not working so the specialists composed a custom renderer to embed the substance in the right places of the format (Djonov, 2007). The task page had a Feature tab which demonstrated the substance designed in two bulleted list. He adjusting of this section was very hazardous and required a great deal of conceptualizing. This would permit the substance maker to embed the substance in a plain book box and it will fit consequently in the right situation of the page. The presentation of tabs on the item pages was another difficult errand and in this way sham placeholder with field types was made. This renders the Solr search as a tab on the page. The procedure to arrange the assets on the item detail pages Resource

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 194

Task Example lps in advicing the dest approach to utilize these gadgets and then again, it gives an items that are difficult to use in this sort of network. Amazon.com is an American International electronis business organization, the biggest on the planet online retailer established by Jeffrey P. Bezos in 1994. MIS and IT seem to be comparable while they are definitely not. MIS studies business issues like promoting and bookkeeping while IT centers around the better comprehension of innovation (Laudon, Kenneth and Jane p. 6). At the point when you leave the store, the radio waves are gotten by the looped metal aeronautical in the label.The chip alters the waves approaching and sends them back again by transmitting a one of a kind identifier code as the collector gets the identifier code at that point sounds the caution thus you can got when you have a go at taking at the store utilizing RFID. Basic way in a task is just all tasks that decide the end date in your undertaking plan. In the event th at one of the tasks is late by even a day, at that point the venture should be reached out by a day. Social Engineering Attack alludes to the mental control of individuals into performing activities or in any event, unveiling extremely private

Friday, August 14, 2020

New Student Photo Series 2012 Post #8 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2012 Post #8 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Photo submissions continue to roll in for our new student photo series.   If you are an incoming student and wish to share your photos on our blog, please review this entry for details on how to submit your photos. ___ Todays first set of photographs were submitted by incoming MIA student, Lauren Sprott ___ Abseiling down a waterfall during a canyoning trip in Dalat, Vietnam Enjoying the expansiveness of the desert while on camel safari in Jaisalmer, India Promoting U.S. agricultural products during a food show and competition in Hangzhou, China Trying to make it back home via tuk-tuk after a storm during monsoon season in Phnom Penh, Cambodia The second set of photographs were submitted by Kristen Jestin, an incoming MIA student. In front of Le Sénat, in Paris, France, where I am from. Under a row of cherry blossoms in Seoul, South Korea where I lived for 5 months last year. With my grandfather at Lincoln Center, in New York City where I have been living for the past three years to attend Barnard College.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Extremely Useful and Harzard of Stem Cells Essay - 605 Words

Stem cells are known as cells that are not destined a certain function. Stem cells can reproduce themselves into specialized cells within the tissues and organs of the body. This is implemented through differentiation; made possible with a process in which certain genes make themselves active or inactive in order to turn into the certain specialized cell. There are both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells, meaning they can develop into nearly any body cell they desire and can only create a limited amount of cell types, respectively. Stem cells can also either be adult stem cells or embryonic. Embryonic stem cells come from the inner cell mass that is found in laboratory-cultured, few days-old embryos. These stem cells are†¦show more content†¦As told in the article by Julie Rovner, there are already 60 countries in the world that have laws on their books banning human reproductive cloning, however only 15 of the 50 states in the US has actually banned the process. The deb ate goes on not only within the democracy, but within the republic - Congress has fought...to a draw over the controversy. This subject not only is a struggle within itself, but it provokes the abortion (pro-life, pro-choice) argument as well; pertaining to when a human life actually starts. The cost of stem cell research is also a large part of the controversy - its not at all cheap. Laws have been passed restricting funds for the study, giving limitations to researchers and politicians both. The ethical argument is the major drawback for these two groups of people as well, however according to President Obama, the majority of Americans, from across the political spectrum, and from all backgrounds and beliefs, have come to a consensus that we should pursue this research. I agree with the statement the President made. The pros of stem cell research outweigh the cons, and the potential work that these cells can do; they can essentially erase time and create a newly perfected body sys tem...its unbelievable. I think that with an increased amount of security and background check along with strict guidelines could really support the

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Turning Around Negative Experiences in How to Slowly Kill...

How can it be that someone may not like you because you are different? For me it is hard to understand how someone can discriminate against another human being, for the reason that the color of his or her skin is different. Discrimination may seem as something from the past but this is a reality in this day in age that many people still endure. Discrimination affects people in several different ways such as creating fear, anger towards society, and in some cases even be ashamed of whom they are. Although we have negative experiences, difficult obstacles or meet people who will bring us down to our lowest points in life, I believe we can use these negative experiences to make us a stronger person, and make us want to reach our dreams, and to want to live life. How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America by Kiese Laymon is a personal narrative story that takes place in Mississippi. Laymon gives his audience an insight on certain events that occurred from the age of seventeen unti l the time he moves away from Mississippi. Beginning with the day, he comes across John Deere who is a cop and almost gets himself arrested. When attending college they expel him for an essay he writes for the college paper that causes controversy. He also talks about the time his mother pulls a gun out on him, afterwards there is a moment where he pulls a gun out on himself, and he thinks about how the events are affecting him and the people in his life. Beginning with his first event,

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Effects of Obesity in the United States Navy Free Essays

When Americans hear the words United States Sailor what image comes to their minds? Do they see the all American boy standing tall, wearing his dress blues uniform with his white hat tilted to the side? Does he look like the sailor on the Cracker Jack box? That used to be the image of the U. S. Sailor back when the Greatest Generation was fighting during World War II. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Obesity in the United States Navy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, all a person has to do is go online and search U. S. Navy Sailor in the search engine and they will find unlimited pictures and videos of sailors doing every day things as well as supporting our interests around the world. With the invention of the World Wide Web, sailors are not only asked to do their jobs at sea but also be impeccable ambassadors of the American people on shore. Because of this important part of being a service member, it is imperative that today’s sailor resemble that all American boy or girl. While sailors are adults and must take responsibility for their own actions, lack of training and attention to dietary health has contributed to many sailors discharge from service due to being out of Navy regulated physical standards. The U. S. Navy celebrated its 235th birthday on October 13th 2010, but the way sailors are being officially evaluated physically is only about 35 years old. Operational Navy Instruction, (OPNAVINST) 6110. 1 was implemented on June 16, 1976 from a directive given by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). The stated purpose of this instruction was â€Å"To implement a physical fitness program for Navy personnel, regular and reserve, that will meet the need for physical stamina and strength necessary for combat effectiveness and mobilization as directed by Secretary Of The Navy Instruction (SECNAVINST) 6100. † (Hodgdon, 1999). In the 6110. 1, the term obesity was defined as â€Å"excessive accumulation of fat in the body manifested by poor muscle tone, flabbiness and folds, bulk out of proportion to body build, dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing), and fatigue upon mild exertion, all of which detracts from military appearance† (Hodgdon, 1999). The fitness program that was establis hed from this instruction was nothing more than a modified version of an aerobics program developed by a Dr. Ken Cooper. This aerobics program was a set of warm up exercises and basic calisthenics that were used based on a points system. This first physical fitness instruction did not include a physical fitness test. On July 17, 1980, the Navy issued an updated instruction for physical fitness. This instruction was OPNAVINST 6110. 1A which was virtually identical to the original 6110. 1 with the exception of adding a fitness test. This test was implemented to set certain standards that all sailors would have to adhere to as a way for the Navy to track the physical readiness of its sailors. For example, a male age 17-25 had to perform a minimum of 30 sit-ups in two minutes; 20 push-ups; four pull-ups (optional); complete a 1. 5 mile run/walk in 16:30 (OPNAVINST 6110. 1A, 1980). On June 29, 1981 Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 1308. 1 was implemented. The biggest difference of this directive was that the Navy implemented a weight control program to add to its physical fitness program. As the Navy started to fine tune its physical testing of its sailors, the chain of command added and subtracted those elements that they believed define a model sailor. On August 7, 1986 OPNAVISNT 6110. 1C was issued navy wide (Hodgdon, 1999). There were several major changes to the 6110. 1. One of the more severe changes was that all Navy personnel were required to take the Physical Readiness Test (PRT) twice a year. Another change was a health risk screening that needed to be done before a sailor was allowed to participate in the PRT. Yet another change was that the body fat assessment was to be separated from the PRT and was to be conducted as an individual assessment. Under this instruction a new technique and new standards for measuring body fat was established. One of the most important changes that came from this instruction was that new consequences for failing the body fat were established. Under the new standard body fat assessment, if a sailor was diagnosed as obese they were not allowed to participate in the PRT until cleared by the medical staff. If the sailor was diagnosed as obese consecutively in a 16 month period they were to be screened for separation from active duty. It is because of these changes in how the Navy Chain of Command viewed its sailors, that the sailor themselves had to re-evaluate how they handled their careers. Before the implementation of the 6110. series instructions, all a sailor had to do to be viewed as outstanding was make sure that they were the subject matter experts in their field. This meant reporting for duty early, studying all of the rate training manuals, and following the orders of their superiors. The only physical standard that a sailor had to maintain was be able to complete their duties in an exemplary manner and be able to get through a hatch on a ship to fight a fire if need be. They were not considered a bad sailor, or not good at their job, simply because they filled out their uniform a little bit more than the guy standing next to them. When it was time to take their rate advancement exam they did not evaluate what that sailor looked like in their uniform, the chain of command just wanted to make sure that the sailor was knowledgeable about his/her job. These days, to be eligible for advancement you not only need to know your job better than the other sailor, you also need to look better than him too. Before the implementation of these new guidelines, a sailor’s evaluation marks were issued based on job performance. With the changes in the physical fitness instruction come changes in the evaluation process as well. Now if you fail a Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA), it has to be marked and documented on your annual evaluation. Because of the ever changing rules and regulations of the physical fitness standards of the Navy, the Department of the Navy (DON) is now implementing more formal training geared toward nutrition and weight control. With this training, sailors are being taught that there are several benefits to a balanced diet. They are being trained that a healthy diet does not just improve their physical health but it also contributes to their mental health. Sailors now have the tools they need to start and maintain these healthy eating habits. The Navy Nutrition and Weight Control Self-Study Guide is the Navy’s principal tool that enables service members to improve their health and fitness (Cox, 1996). This guide is being issued to all personnel who are enrolled in the Fitness Enhancement Program (FEP). This program is a mandatory program for those sailors who fail any portion of a PFA. This program is also open to any sailor who wants to learn how to take care of their bodies in a healthy way. With this new mindset of training sailors to take care of their bodies for health reasons and not just to look like the sailor on the Cracker Jacks box, more sailors are taking this knowledge with them after they transition from military life to civilian life. There is a new standard now for being a sailor. In the past it was all about going out to the bars with your shipmates and having a good time. With the current tempo of operations, a sailor must be ready physically, as well as mentally, to answer America’s call wherever they are needed. The Navy is no longer turning a blind eye to sailors being out of physical standards. If sailors cannot balance a healthy lifestyle as well as train for their jobs, they may be the ones standing on the pier waving good bye to their ex-shipmates. References Chief of Naval Operations (OP-09) (1908). Physical Fitness. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Instruction 6110. 1A. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. 17 July. Cox, L. (1996). NAVY Nutrition and Weight Control Self-Study Guide. Washington, DC: United States Navy. Hodgdon, Ph. D. , J. A. (1999, August 18). A History of the U. S. Navy Physical Readiness Program from 1976 to 1999. Human Performance Department Naval Health Research Center. How to cite Effects of Obesity in the United States Navy, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

My Works free essay sample

Were the values listed above in the normal range? Why or why not? a) hematocrit would be 19 (AK) b) WBC would be . 5% (AK) C) These values are considered extremely low. This male, suffering from aplastic anemia, has a low red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and low platelet levels. (AK) 6. What is the hematocrit for a female with iron-deficiency anemia? Is this value in the normal range? Why or why not? The hematocrit for a female with iron deficiency anemia is 32. The value is not in normal range because normal range is 42%, and lower than normal hematocrit indicates anemia. (KEM) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 7. Describe the effect of sickle cell anemia on sedimentation rate Sickle cell anemia has no effect on sedimentation rate. (M. Smith) 8. why do you think that it has this effect? 9. Record the sedimentation rate for a menstruating female. How did this value compare to the healthy individual? Why? 15 mm/hr for the menstruating female and for the healthy female it was 5 mm/hr, for a difference of 10 mm/hr. We will write a custom essay sample on My Works or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page he reason why this has happened is because when a female is menstruating she can sometimes of develop anemia which van show an increase in ESR. (AL) 10. What was the sedimentation rate for the iron-deficient individual? The iron-deficient person has an ERS of 30mm/hr. (MM) 11. What effect does iron deficiency have on ESR? ESR can be elevated in persons with iron deficieny. (A Darby) 12. What is the ESR for a person suffering a myocardial infarction? or angina pectoris? Person with myocardial infarction has an ERS of 40 mm/hr and a person with angina pectoris has an ERS of 5mm/hr. (K. P)

Friday, March 27, 2020

Why Cells Are Small Essays - Cell Biology, Cell Membrane

Why Cells Are Small annon Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. As life on earth has evolved into organisms of varying complexities, two basic laws of nature have dictated why cells have remained so small. Shorter is faster. This is true both in terms of diffusion and in terms of chemical and electrical movement. By minimizing the the distance between a cell?s nucleus and and the numerous proteins and organelles that it must constantly regulate , a cell is maximizing the speed in which intercellular communications can take place while providing the ideal conditions for diffusion: a vital function in the life of a cell. Like wise, the surface area and volume of a cell are directly influential in the efficiency of the cell?s nutrient absorption and waste expulsion processes. Since the cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell is its only source of nutrition, it?s surface area must be large enough to allow the cell?s organelles to receive the materia ls it needs. This is done by maximizing the surface area to volume ratio. By using the surface area and volume equations for a sphere(4?r2 and 4/3?r3) you can estimate the surface area of a small cell(5 ?m) to be nearly 1,200,000 : 1. By modeling the growth rate of the surface area and volume of a sphere on a linear graph it?s easily discernible that as the size of the sphere increases the ratio of surface area to volume dramatically decreases until finally the volume of the sphere surpasses the surf ace area. Simply, by minimizing its size, a cell is maximizing the speed at which it can communicate, the rate at which diffusion can occur, and the amount of surface area at it?s disposal. Daniel Veilleux June 17, 1976 Period 5

Friday, March 6, 2020

The Rise Of Japanese Militarism Essays - Empire Of Japan, Militarism

The Rise Of Japanese Militarism Essays - Empire Of Japan, Militarism The Rise of Japanese Militarism Japan's political journey from its quasi-democratic government in the 1920's to its radical nationalism of the mid 1930's, the collapse of democratic institutions, and the eventual military state was not an overnight transformation. There was no coup d'etat, no march on Rome, no storming of the Bastille. Instead, it was a political journey that allowed a semi-democratic nation to transform itself into a military dictatorship. The forces that aided in this transformation were the failed promises of the Meiji Restoration that were represented in the stagnation of the Japanese economy, the perceived capitulation of the Japanese parliamentary leaders to the western powers, a compliant public, and an independent military. The ground work for Japanese militarism was a compliant Japanese public. This pliant public was created through a variety of factors. Beginning in the 1890's the public education system indoctrinated students in the ideas of nationalism, loyalty to the emperor and traditionalist ideas of self-sacrifice and obedience. Thus ideas that were originally propagated to mobilize support for the Meiji government were easily diverted to form broad support for foreign militarism. Japanese society also still held many of the remnants of feudal culture such as strong confusion beliefs that stressed support for social order and lack of emphasis on individualist values. These values taught obedience not to a democratic but to the emperor; so the fact that the militaristic government of the 1930's ruled under the emperor meant that the Japanese were loyal to this government just as they had been to the government of the 1920's. So when Japan's militaristic government implemented programs characteristic of totalitarian governments such as strong media control, a thought police, and community organizations the public did little to protest. Shintoism provided a religious justification for nationalism and support for the militaristic government. Shintoism before the 1930's was primarily a nativistic religion which stressed nature and harmony. But during the 1930's it became a ideological weapon teaching Japanese that they were a superior country that had a right to expand and that its government was divinely lead by a descendent of the sun god. The independence and decentralization of the military allowed it to act largely on its own will as characterized in the Manchurian incident in 1931 and the Marco Polo bridge explosion in Shanghai. Because these incidents went unpunished and the Japanese public rallied around them the military was able to push for greater militarism and an increasingly active role in government till the entire government was run by the military. The London Treaty and Japan's rejection by large European powers at the Versailles conference angered many in the military who felt that Japan was being denied its place at the table with the great powers. This lead to a disenfranchisement with the parliamentary government who the military felt had capitulated to the western powers in treaties and by stopping its colonial expansion during the nineteen twenties. Once Japan commenced on the path of militarism it found that because of its technological edge it could defeat other Asian powers this increased Japan's sense of superiority and feed the fires of nationalism. These fires grew as following the 1931 Manchurian incident Japan invaded Manchuria then most China. In South East Asia Japan quickly expanded breaking up British, Portuguese, and Dutch colonialism. Japanese militarism occurred not by an organized plan but rather through passive acceptance by the Japanese public. A compliant Japanese public coupled with a independent army were two factors that pushed Japan toward militarism in the 1930's.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Developing Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Developing Leadership - Term Paper Example This means that training is necessary in developing leadership competencies (Conger, 1993). Every individual has the capacity to develop their own leadership skills. However, achieving this is not rosy and requires one to be focused, practical and persistent. These are illustrated using the leadership ideas and traits discussed hereunder. Leadership Ideas A good leader must have leadership ideas for an organization or business to succeed. This calls for responsibility which sometimes calls for one to piss people off according to Powell. Powell asserts that good leadership entails being responsible for the general welfare of the team. This means that not everybody will be pleased by all the decisions and actions of a leader. Sometimes, people get furious and angry with the leader for the decisions that they make (Powell, n.d.). In this respect, a leader should learn to act honorably. Powell compares getting everyone to like the leader’s stand with mediocrity. This means that, a s a leader, one will have to face tough decisions, avoid confrontation with people who are supposed to be confronted, and refrain from giving rewards based on performance since some workers may get upset. When a leader tries to impress everyone, he/she ends up annoying individuals who are the most creative and productive in the organization. Therefore, as a leader, one must sometimes piss people off under his leadership for the organization to succeed. Powell also cautions leaders to be wary of those under their leadership who stop engaging them in decision making or reporting problems. He notes that this is a sign of leadership failure (Powell, n.d.). As such, it is necessary for leaders to give room for communication and consultations by removing barrier that may hinder juniors from airing out their views. He goes ahead to assert that real leaders make themselves available and accessible. They also recognize the efforts and problems facing underlings since even they demand high st andards. Powell notes that creating a barrier in an organization does no good and leads to the organization’s failure. Therefore, a good leader should create an atmosphere where problem analysis overrides blame. Powell reveals that leaders should never be buffaloed by elites and experts (Powell, n.d.). This is because experts tend to posses more knowledge than judgment. Elites, on the other hand, become congenital to an extent that they create hemophiliacs that vanish with time. Therefore, an organization can perform well whether or not there are elites and experts in it. What matters is that, as a leader, one needs to be vigilant and proactive (Powell, n.d.). The other leadership idea found from Powell is that leaders should never be afraid of challenging the pros, even in their own backyard (Powell, n.d.). He notes that as a leader one needs to learn from those who support them, keenly monitor them, and seek them out as advisers and partners. He, however, cautions that even the pros may have leveled out in terms of their skills and learning. This means that leadership is not just being built on blind obedience to everyone, but good leadership promotes everyone’s evolution. Good leaders never ignore details. This means that they must remain vigilant all the times. In this regard, a good leader should ensure that all the activities of an organization are executed at the right time and in the precise way. Powel notes that good leadership also

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Team Analysis of Competing Values Framework Coursework

Team Analysis of Competing Values Framework - Coursework Example Every member of the team depicts effective both at personal and organizational levels. Every quadrant is represented by the values. Control is highly represented in the quadrant. Most of the team members embrace control, which involves doing things right. Create follows the control character, which involves doing things first. Besides doing things rightful, the team members embrace characters of innovation. Compete is the third dominant managerial characteristic of the team members. Competition implies undertaking managerial duties fast and at the desired pace. The least represented in the framework is collaborate. Collaboration demands togetherness when performing roles. Avoiding negative extremes in the team is a vital aspect of management. Ensuring people focus is a sure strategy to enhance effectiveness. People focus managers show compassion, are concerned and expressive. Authenticity is the second key factor to enhance effectiveness. An authentic manager is reflective, mindful, and principled. Practicality is the third important character for an effective manager. Practicality involves being factual, realistic and

Monday, January 27, 2020

Communication Barriers Between Singapore And Italy Cultural Studies Essay

Communication Barriers Between Singapore And Italy Cultural Studies Essay Singapore is an amalgamation of 63 islands, and is the smallest country in Southeast Asia. The approximate distance between Singapore and Italy is about 9365.5km apart (Distance from Singapore to Italy), yet a lot of firms set up their flagships and also other  business functions locally. Published on Straits Times-22 April 2009 titled: Spore, Italian region ink deal, Both countries are looking at RD to boost their economic prosperity. We are trying to work together so hopefully we can find new patents, products that can be commercialized. Thats the value for Singapore, he added. Lombardys President Roberto Formigoni said Singapore is strategic for Italy, especially in leveraging on Singapores knowledge of, and relations with, China and Vietnam. This shows the strong bilateral relationship between both countries. (Spore, Italian region ink deal) However, being said that, there are still problems occurring during day-to-day operations in terms of communication between Singaporean and Italians. This paper will focus on the inter-relationship communication barriers faced by both Singaporeans and Italians in a particular organization.   Overview of Singapore Singapore and Europe had great history links since 1869 when Singapore was a major trading and shipping port. (Who We Are).   After nearly 150 years under the British Colony, Singapore emerged as a Nation in 1965. (Rogger, Year not stated) Thus, this may portray a deceptive imagine of Singaporeans as appearing more westernized. However, on the other hand, younger generations of business people in Singapore are usually more experience in interacting with people and are more flexible and open-minded to perform business with foreigners. (Katz, 2007) Singapore is a cosmopolitan society where people live harmoniously and interactions among different races are commonly seen. Singapore holds a diverse population due to immigrants of the past has given the place a mixture of 3 major racial groups consisting of Chinese, Malay and Indians who does not process a single dominant national identity (Warnstam, 2007). In order to do business successfully in a multicultural country like Singapore, it is important for all to understand the different cultural traditions, customs, as well as background of each race groups. This will prevent unnecessary conflicts. Languages Used in Singapore English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil are the four official languages that are commonly used in Singapore. Singapore also has its own brand of spoken English, which is known as Singlish. It is quite different from English in its speaking accents and grammar.   Religion in Singapore Singapore generally allows religious freedom, although religious groups are subject to government scrutiny, and some religious sects are restricted or banned. (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2798.htm). The religion diversity in Singapore consists of Chinese temples (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and ancestor worship), Islam, Hinduism, Christianity and others which comprises of Jews and Sikhs, etc (Lepoer, 1989). Culture and Society of Singapore The Family The common traits of Singaporeans are that the concepts of harmony, mutual security and working in groups are more important than that of acting as an individual. The family represents the center of the social structures which strongly emphasizes in unity, loyalty and respect for the elderly (Kwintessential, Year not stated). Kiasu Kiasu is a term often used by Singaporean to describe the social attitude of Singaporeans who are often afraid of losing in anything or in any situation (Warnstam, 2007). According to Warnstam (2007), the term Kaisu refers to both positive and negative connotation; some suggest the attitude of being Kiasu reflects the strong work ethics and competitiveness within each Singaporean. Whereas, others might feel that being Kiasu leads to a graceless society.   Concept of Face Maintaining face plays an important part of the Singapore culture. As per Craig (2004), the concept of face is being measured as of ones internal quality, status, good name, and good character. To prevent from losing face, Singaporeans tends to control their temper and behavior in public and will not criticize people directly on the face (Warnstam, 2009). Thus, communication is conducted indirectly. In Singapore, face does not involve purely on personal pride but involves the country and its whole population as it promotes group harmony and solidarity.   Diversity Singapore values the diversity of its people and often stresses the importance of accepting difference amongst its diverse population of people from different races such as Chinese, Malay and Indians. Despite the evitable separation of some groups, Singapore serves as an umbrella culture creates a sense of belonging among all Singaporeans (Warnstam, 2007). Singapore Education System Singapore used to implement traditional British based education system. Presently, the system has evolved to a broad based education with more flexibility and diversity. The distinct feature of the Singapore education system is the bilingual policy. It was implemented in 1966. It was compulsory for students to take up the main median language-English to be able to communicate with other races and also with foreigners. This will help Singaporeans to communicate effectively with fellow Singaporeans that will prevent any unnecessary conflicts due to miscommunication. It also helps Singaporeans to be able to communicate efficiently wherever they are in the world as English is a widely used language internationally. Another language is the students traditional language, be it Chinese, Malay, Tamil, this is to maintain the values of the respective racial groups locally. Students will attend basic education for 6 years after pre-school. And follow on into secondary school and so on. However, education does not just end after graduating. Singaporeans have many opportunities for further trainings as the Singapore government is focusing to develop its workforce so as to increase productivity. The government is also targeting in creating a skilled workforce to increase global competitiveness. Singapore Politics Singapore had her first elections in 1959 after being granted full internal self-governance. The dominating party in the country is the Peoples Actions Party (PAP) that is lead by Mr. Lee Kuan Yew. He is also the present minister mentor, a position created when his son, Lee Hsien Long became Singapores third prime minister. Opposition parties are namely the workers party (WP), Singapore Democratic Alliance Party (SDA), Singapore Democratic Party (SDA), Democratic Party (SDP) and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Singapore was recognized internationally through joining the United Nations, followed by the Commonwealth in 1965. (Singapore, Overview: Politics of Singapore) The unicameral Parliament currently consists of 84 members elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage, and up to nine nominated members of Parliament. A constitutional provision assures at least three opposition members, even if fewer than three actually are elected. A non-constituency seat held by the opposition under this provision since 1997 was again filled after the last election held on May 6, 2006. In May 2006, general election, the governing Peoples Action Party (PAP) won 82 of the 84 seats. The president appoints nominated members of Parliament from among nominations by a special select committee. Nominated members of Parliament (NMPs) enjoy the same privileges as members of Parliament but cannot vote on constitutional matters or expenditures of funds. The maximum term of Parliament is 5 years. NMPs serve for two-and-a-half-year terms. Voting has been compulsory since 1959. (Background note: Singapore) Singapore is a democratic society. However, Economist Intelligent Unit has classified Singapore as a hybrid country that comprises of both authoritarianism and democracy. The present Singapore enjoys political stability that attracts investors and foreign talents. Overview of Singapore Economy   Despite the small geographic size of the nation and small domestic market, Singapore not only has strong international trade links with many countries. Singapore Economy is also one of the most prosperous globally. Singapore was ranked third in 2009 as being the most competitive economy in the world by the world economic forum. (Singapore keeps 3rd spot in competitiveness ranking). According to the World Bank Doing Business 2010 Report, Singapore economy is considered to be the easiest to do business in. Some favorable findings about Singapore stated in the report: Ranked No.1 for having the most open and liberal economy for international trade Ranked No.2 as the economy with the best  investment  potential Ranked #1 in Asia and #4 in the world for having low levels of corruption in the economy (Economy Rankings; Singapore Economy) Singapore does not have natural resources. However, due to its strategic location and government policies, it became a hub of foreign investment. The local government practices a pro-foreign investment and export-orientated economic policy. This helps to attract large scale of foreign investment despite its high operating cost. For example: United States have invested about $106.5billion worth assets in the service and manufacturing sectors. Other factor that attracts the foreign investors is skilled workers, advanced infrastructure, political stability and corruption free government. (Background Note: Singapore) Hierarchy and Structure of Singapore Companies In Singapore, companies operate in a top-down structure whereby the senior management in the company does all major decision-makings. Respect is given prior to the senior members of the group and is always being introduced first. It is always polite to stand when a higher-ranking official arrives at a venue, and to be seated after the important personnel is seated.   Unlike other countries, women also play an important role in the work field and are given chances to hold managerial positions in the organizations. There is no prejudice against gender, age and race due to the fair employment law.   Singapore Business Practices In Singapore business culture, building of personal relationships is considered more important that the company that you represents (ASAG-biotech network, Year unknown). During business situations, a light handshake is used (Warnstam, 2007). Singaporeans love to bargain and haggle during negotiations. (Katz, 2007) Whilst in business discussion, Singaporeans appears to be calm and hardly reveals their emotions. It is also considered very rude to speak loudly or interrupt during a conversation.   It is important that business cards are being inspected carefully before putting them away as it represents a form of respect and recognition of the person. Name cards should be held with both hands and present to the recipient with the correct print facing to him / her. Name cards should be placed on the table instead of shoving into pockets or bags as a form of respect. It is also important to wait and be introduced by the host. Intensive eye contact with a senior management or an elderly is considered a sign of disrespect. In order to show a form of respect, it is important to know how to greet a person name based on his / her race. For example, greeting via surnames is necessary during the first meeting with Singaporean Chinese. Gifts are acceptable in most organizations. However, gifts to government employees may be considered as bribery and is prohibited in Singapore (Warnstam, 2007). Singapore Working Practices In Singapore Business society, punctuality is extremely important and efforts should be made to arrive early or on time. Appointments should be made in advance. Should there be any late arrivals, it is of basic courtesy to inform the other party and also to advise the latest arrival time. The typical office hours are normally between 9:00a.m. to 5:00 pm from Mondays to Fridays that consists of an hour lunch break in between. Some offices will also operate on Saturdays especially in the morning.   Overview of Italy Italy used to be diverse culturally, economically and politically. However, today the Italians are largely homogeneous linguistically and religiously. Italy has the fifth-highest population density in Europe, with a approximate population of 60 million people (Italy Travel Guide). Minority groups are small, the largest being the German-speaking people of Bolzano Province and the Slovenes around Trieste. There are also small communities of Albanian, Greek, Ladino, and French origin. Although immigration has been increasing in recent years, the Italian population is still declining due to low birth rates. (Affairs, 2010) Brief history of Italy Through the ensuing years, numerous rulers from beyond the Alps, with or without the consent of the papacy, failed to impose their authority. Throughout the fourteen and fifteenth centuries of campanilismo (local patriotism), only a minority of people would have heard the word Italia. Loyalties were predominantly provincial. However, there were elements that made a strong contrast to the world beyond the Alps that is a common legal culture, high levels of lay education and urban literacy, a close relationship between town and country, and nobility who frequently engaged in trade. There are three features, in particular, from this period that solidified the notion of a unified culture. First, it was the maturing of the economic development that was originated in the early centuries. With increasing urbanization, the northern and central Italian trade, manufacture, and financial capitalism continued with extraordinary vigor and have remarkable influence throughout majority of the Mediterranean areas and Europe as a whole. It was a development that served as the necessary preliminary for the expansion of Europe beyond its ancient bounds at the end of the fifteenth century. Second, the extension of de facto independent city-states, which, whether as republics or as powers ruled by one person or family, created a powerful impression upon contemporaries and posterity. Finally, allied to the movements stated above, it was in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries that civilization of the Italian Renaissance was born from this society, which was to be exported to the rest of Europe. Ethnic Relations Many countries and peoples have conquered and occupied Italy over the centuries, and thus, causing the Italians to resent each of these conquerors. Even so, they intermarried with them and accepted a number of their customs. (Salamone) Culture of Italians Ethnic Italians make up about 95% of the population, and the largest ethnics minority of the Romanians (officially 1%, however maybe double that). There is an increaseing wave of immigration from the EU countries of Eastern Europe and illegal immigration from the south-eastern Europe and northern Africa are increasing. Appearances matters in Italy and having a good image bella figure is very important. And you will likely be judged not only by the smartness of your clothes and accessories, but also by the general style and demeanour. Social etiquette is generally energetic but also somewhat formal. (Italy) Economy of Italy Italy started to industrialize rapidly after 1945, moving away from the traditional agriculture, until a point where less than 5% of the population is engaged in agriculture. The majority of these populations live in the south of Italy, which is substantially poorer than the rest of the country. Their main crops are sugar beet, wheat, tomatoes and fruit (especially grapes. Majority of the grapes are used for wine, which Italy is a leading producer). Italy continues to rely heavily on the export of manufactured goods, although the tourism industry is enjoying a major position alongside other service industries such as financial services, along with most western European economies. Their strengths are particularly in advanced manufacturing techniques and systems, high-quality design and precision engineering. Most of the industrial raw materials and more than 75% of energy requirements are imported. The Italians economy has been sluggish since 2000 with growth in 2009 of 5% and is expected to drop further. The inflation in 2009 was just under 1% and the unemployment rate is 7.5%. Despite doubts about the size of its growing budget deficit (public debt is 105% of GDP) in Europe, Italy was among the founding members of the Euro-zone in 1999. The current government has enacted some reforms to improve competitiveness and growth. (Italy Travel Guide) Language The official language in Italy is Italian, and majority of the population (about 93%) are native Italian speakers and about 50% of population speaks a regional dialect as mother tongue. As many of the dialects are mutually unintelligible and are considered by linguists as a separate language, thus it is not officially recognised. Religion 90% of the populations are Roman Catholic, and the remaining of the populations comprises mainly of Jews, the growing population of Muslims, Orthodox and Eastern Rite Catholics. Politics The type of government in Italy is parliamentary democratic republic. The major political parties: People of Freedom (Popolo della Libertà  ), Democratic Party (Partito Democratico), Northern League (Lega Nord), Italy of Values (Italia dei Valori), Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (Unione dei Democratici Cristiani e di Centro), Communist Refoundation Party (Partito della Rifondazione Comunista). (_) Political Philosophy There is different types of political philosophy that existed in Italy are mainly egalitarian socialism / communism and nationalistic fascism. One of the examples is Benito Mussolini. He ruled as a dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943 and his political philosophy, which he called fascism, was based on the total domination of the government in all spheres of political, social, economic, and cultural life. The Italians regards him as a hero in the initial stage until he was driven by the government before the end of World War II. (Benito Mussolini) Education At present the Italian school system is divided into four levels:   Kindergarten / Preschool (Scuola Materna) For children aged three to five, the scuola materna provides optional education for children and every child is entitled to a place. It is not compulsory for a child to attend preschool but most parents enrol their children in a scuola materna. Preschool in Italy is free except in private schools. Primary school (scuole elementare) School in Italy is compulsory from the age of six onwards. Recent legislation changes means that children may start scuola primaria from the age of five and a half onwards (this is to bring Italian schools in line with European schools regarding school leaving ages). Primary school lasts for five years. Student had to pass an exam at the end of fifth year before they could progress to secondary school. Lower secondary (scuola media) Attendance at lower secondary school (scuola media) is compulosry for all children between the ages of 11 to 14. Students are required to attend 30 hours of classes per week, though some schools may offer additional classes if there is demand (up to 40 hours). Every term, each student receives a teachers report outlining their aptitude, behavior and achievement. At the end of the third year, pupils sit a standard examination consisting of written papers in Italian, as well as exams in mathematics, science and a foreign language. An oral exam is also administered in all subjects except religion. Successful students are awarded their lower secondary school diploma (diploma di licenza media) and move on to upper secondary school. Upper secondary school (scuola superiore) Upper Secondary School (scuola superiore) involves between three and five years of attendance. Students do an obligatory two years (biennio) of general studies follow by an optional three years (triennio) of specialised education. Students have to choose at this time which type of course they want to study, depending on whether they are thinking of going on to university afterwards, or if they are looking at obtaining a vocational qualification. State school in Italy is free until the end of primary education. School in Italy is compulsory until the age of 16.   (Italian Education Schooling in Italy) Next, we will be making cultural differences comparison on Italy and Singapore using Geert Hofstede model. Geert Hofsted Cultural Dimensions Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. It suggests that a societys level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality are fundamental facts of any society and anyone with certain working experience or interaction will be aware that all societies are unequal.   Individualism (IDV) is the opposite of collectivism. Ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him or herself and his or her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are usually cohesive in groups and often extended families members continue in protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word collectivism may has no political meaning but it is referring to the group, but not the state. Again, the issue addressed is fundamental, regarding all societies in the world. Masculinity (MAS) is the opposite of femininity and it refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is also a fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. Studies revealed that womens values differ from mens values which mens values from one country to another contain assertiveness, competitiveness whereas womens values on the one other side tend to be modest and caring. The assertiveness and competitiveness pole has commonly been referred as masculine while modest and caring is commonly referred as feminine.   Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to mans search for Truth. Uncertain situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures. People in countries which face uncertainty are also more emotional while people whom are receptive of uncertainty are more tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to. There are few rules to adhere to and people within these cultures are more phlegmatic and contemplative. Long-Term Orientation (LTO) versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars it can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values usually associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance while values associated with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and saving one from embarrassment. Both the positively and the negatively rated values of this dimension are found in the teachings of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher; however, the dimension also applies to countries without a Confucian heritage. [http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_italy.shtml] Geert Hofstedeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Cultural Dimensions The World Factbook 2002    The Buddhist-Shinto societies also have an additional Dimension, that of Long Term Orientation (LTO). Geert Hofstede added this Dimension after the original study, and it was applied to twenty-three of the fifty original countries in his study. The Buddhist/Shinto Countries of Taiwan and Japan have LTO as the most closely correlating Dimension. Comparisons between Singapore and Italy: Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions: Country: PDI IDV MAS UAI LTO Singapore 74 20 48 8 48 Italy 50 76 70 75 N.A Based on the statistics above, there are several differences between Singapore and Italy which will be discussed in as of the following. Power Distance Index (PDI) Power Distance (PD) refers to the degree of inequality that exists, which is being accepted, among the people with and without power. A high PD score indicates that the society accepts an unequal distribution of power and people would not go beyond their place in the system. A low PD means that power is shared and equally dispersed. This means that society members view everyone as equals. Application: According to the Hofstedes model, in a high PD such as Malaysia (PD of 104), employees from the lower management position would probably send reports to top management, who will have a closed door meeting where only a few leaders attends. In a low PD country such as Austria (PD of 11), the power are equally distributed among the lower and top management. Characteristics Tips High PD Centralized companies. Strong hierarchies. Large gaps in compensation, authority, and respect. Acknowledge a leaders power. Be aware that you may need to go to the top for answers Low PD Flatter organizations. Supervisors and employees are considered almost as equals. Use teamwork Involve as many people as possible in decision making. [http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm] Based on the PDI, Singapore has a higher PDI than that of Italy. Even though, Singapore and Italy shares the same aspects of hierarchy and a common trait of downward communication, Singaporeans tends to be more respectful to the senior management and elders. On the other hand, Italians are more outspoken in their speech and they love to ridicule authority and with people who are in positions of power (http://students.depaul.edu/~jborger/#Individualism). To Italians, breaking petty rules are a form of entertainment. However, breakings of rules are uncommon in Singapore. Individualism (IDV) Individualism (IDV) refers to the strength of ties people have to others within the community. A high IDV score indicates a loose connection in the society. Countries with a high IDV score there is a lack of interpersonal connection and little sharing of responsibility, beyond family and perhaps a few close friends. A low IDV scores means the society have strong group cohesion, and there will be a large amount of loyalty and respect for members of the group. The group itself is also larger and people take more responsibility for each others well being. Accordingly to the Hofstedes model, countries such as America have high individualism/collectivism dimensions and they are more individualistic. (http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2005/905/essentials/p62.htm) There are collectivistic dimensions countries in Central America such as Panama and Guatemala where the IDV scores are very low. Marketing campaign that emphasized benefits to the community would most likely be understood and well-received. Characteristics Tips High IDV High valuation on peoples time and their need for freedom. An enjoyment of challenges, and an expectation of rewards for hard work. Respect for privacy. Acknowledge accomplishments. Dont ask for too much personal information. Encourage debate and expression of own ideas. Low IDV Emphasis on building skills and becoming masters of something. Work for intrinsic rewards. Harmony more important than honesty. Show respect for age and wisdom. Suppress feelings and emotions to work in harmony. Respect traditions and introduce change slowly. [http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm] As individualism is being defined as societies connecting people are considered loose, individuals in Italy are only responsible for themselves and their immediate family members (http://students.depaul.edu/~jborger/#Individualism). However, Italians have also minimum views on collectivism in such whereby under people collective cultures are born into a group and they will remain the same members of that cohesive group for their entire lives. (http://students.depaul.edu/~jborger/#Individualism). On the other hand, despite the similarities of Singaporeans on their views on individualism, being a multi-racial society, Singaporeans are more on the side of being collective; in such whereby man is to be judged not by his own character, actions or race. (http://freedomkeys.com/collectivism.htm)   Masculinity (MAS) Masculinity (MAS) This refers to how much a society sticks with, and values, traditional male and female roles. High MAS scores are found in countries where men are expected to be tough, to be the provider, to be assertive and to be strong. If women work outside the home, they have separate professions from men. Low MAS scores do not reverse the gender roles. In a low MAS society, the roles are simply blurred. You see women and men working together equally across many professions. Men are allowed to be sensitive and women can work hard for professional success. Application: Japan is highly masculine with a score of 95 whereas Sweden has the lowest measured value. According to Hofstedes analysis, if you were to open an office in Japan, you might have greater success if you appointed a male employee to lead the team and had a strong male contingent on the team. In Sweden, on the other hand, you would aim for a team that was balanced in terms of skill rather than gender. Characteristics Tips High MAS Men are masculine and women are feminine. There is a well defined distinction between mens work and womens work. Be aware that people may expect male and female roles to be distinct. Advise men to avoid discussing emotions or making emotionally-based decisions or arguments. Low MAS A woman can do anything a man can do. Powerful and successful women are admired and respected. Avoid an old boys club mentality. Ensure job design and practices are not discriminatory to either gender. Treat men and women equally. [http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm] Based on the model of Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions, Italy has a higher level of Masculinity than Singapore. Many Italian men are still treating women with gallantry and value machismo. (http://students.depaul.edu/~jborger/#Individualism). Despite women entering the workforce, the numbers are kept minimal and only a few are in a higher management. Responsibilities of Italian women are mainly to cook, clean and care for the children

Sunday, January 19, 2020

The Three Character Traits of Macbeth

Macbeth bumped Into three witches after his battle. The three witches tell Macbeth he will become thaln of cawdor and glamls, and then king. He then becomes the thaln which opened up an opportunity for him to become king. He then writes a letter to his wife in which he wrote to her about everything that was going on and she decides they need to kill the king in order for him to seize the throne. Macbeth kills the king but his wife has to return the daggers to the guards, to frame them for the crime, because Macbeth did not.After all that the King Duncans' sons run away becuase they fear that they were gonna be put to blame. Macbeth then becomes king. Once he became king, he did not want anyone else to have the same power as him or to do the same thing to him, as he did to King Duncan. Also he remembers one of the prophecies of the witch where they told Banquo the his children will be king. So he then orders the murderers to kill his best friend, Banquo and his son, Fleance . Macbeth is then haunted by Banquos ghost at his party.After all that he goes back to the witches and he sees three things; a bloody baby saying â€Å"beware Macduff, a bloody helmet saying that he cant be killed by anyone born of a woman, nd a child with a crown and a tree branch saying that he does not need to worry till the Birnam woods moves to Dunsinane. Macbeth started to worry and demanded Macduff and all his family killed, but Macduff left already. Lady Macbeth starts getting crazy and comitts suicide. Macduff heads over to Macbeths' castle with the army to kill him. Macbeth is killed, and gets his head cut off by Macduff.Macuff was born by C-section which was not considered to be born of a woman. One of the aspects that Macbeth grasps to make him an antagonist Is greediness. The three witches that he met In the beginning told him his prophecy, which Is that he Is going to be the future king of Scotland, † All hall, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter† (l, l†, 53 ). At first he doesn't believe the prophecy at all and thought that they were being foolish. But then the predlctlon of the witches starts to come true after being persuaded by his wife, Lady Macbeth, that he had to take some steps to make It come true.Once the first prophecy came true, he wanted all the prophecies of the witches to come true. Once Macbeth Is king, he becomes one of the most owerful person in his land, yet he still demands for more respect and power and does not want anyone to nave any part In It. 10 make tnls nappen ne KIIls Banquo, nls best friend, so he wouldn't create a line of king as it was one of the witches prophecy and attempts to kill Banquo's son, Fleance, however he escapes. Macbeth was told by the witches that no human born from a women, that is everyone, could kill him. Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn, The power of man, for none of woman born, Shall harm Macbeth† (‘V, i, 85). Macbeth believes this and gets greedy making im tru st that no one could kill him. Overall this proves that Macbeth is definitely a greedy person in this play. Another open feature that Macbeth is distinguished for is ambition. Macbeth wants to prove to his wife that he is the one that she desires for and to do that, he listens to whatever she has to say. He is so deeply in love with his wife and ambitious towards her that he starts committing dangerous and risky crimes.Macbeth is also very ambitious towards becoming king. In order to become king he had to kill King Duncan. † I go, and it is done; the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell; That summons thee to heaven, or to hell† ( II, i, 69). This quote indicates that it is time to kill King Duncan. He is also speaking to Duncan though he is not actually present. He tells the imaginary Duncan to not pay attention to the bell as it marks his death and therefore will send him to either hell or heaven. Again, Macbeth was very ambitious in becoming king but he is also ambitious to remain king.He kills Banquo so that no could take over his position as king. â€Å"It is concluded. Banquo, thy soul's flight; If it finds heaven, must find it out tonight† ( Ill, i, 157). This quote is saying Macbeth has made all the arrangements of the murder Banquo's and that he is going to heaven or hell because he is dying tonight. After that he also finds out the one of Banquo's children would be king, so his ambition towards remaining king leads him to kill Banquo's son, Fleance, however Fleance escapes and is never heard after that incident.To sum it up, ambition is definitely a character trait in this play. Finally, the third character trait of Macbeth is bravery. It is barely noticeable in Macbeth but he is recognized for it. Macbeth at first seemed to be a courageous, rave and capable warrior who would risk anything for his country. At the beginning of the play Macbeth's skills and strength saved the day on the battlefield. † For brav e Macbeth -well he deserves that name-; Disdaining fortune with his brandish'd steel† ( l,ii, 18).The quote shows that Macbeth is brave and he is the one who helped defeat Sweno, the king of Norway. Macbeth also shows bravery because he goes after what he wants and accomplishes it. For instance, Macbeth wanted to become king, to do that he bravely killed King Duncan which is evil but it shows that he would do anything to full fill his desire. Macbeth is brave near the end because when all of his prophecies were finished, he still fought Macduff. † Tell thee, Macduff was from his mother's womb; Untimely ripp'd† ( V, viii, 19).The witches said that no human born from a women could kill Macbeth and Macduff said that he was delivered prematurely. So according to the witches prophecies he is able to kill Macbeth. Thus bravery is definitely one of the character traits of Macbeth in this play. In conclusion Macbeth is a person who is consistently stuck in ugly situations. respectful towards the king by winning the important battle and the war but also rutal and cruel because after he killing Macdonwald by slicing him from his middle to his Jaws and placed his head on a stick.Macbeth was also everybody's hero for winning the war. He was also a good friend to Banquo, in fact they were best friends. But then Macbeth changed, he become greedy. He met these three witches who completely changed his life When he was not happy and satisfied with what he had, Macbeth felt that he had to move up a level and become king. Macbeth was confused at first and was not sure if he should kill the king or not, started to argue to himself if e should stay on the good side or move to the bad side.He told his wife, Lady Macbeth, everything and she started to convince him to kill King Duncan and seize the throne. After all of this, once he becomes king, he becomes crazy when he sees blood on his hand and started to think that he can not get rid of the blood on his hands af ter killing the king. After that he is heartless and started to kill every single person who dared to cross his path or anyone that he suspects is a threat. Macbeth is ambitious to be totally in control. Macbeth without a doubt was out of control and vil when he kills Macduffs' children and wife.He is also very self assured and brave because he refuses to run away when an army is attacking his castle. But after all that, he still shows some kindness towards Macduff by saying that he does not want to kill him before he is killed by him. Although Macbeth would have been a great and brave king, it was the manipulation of his wife and the three witches that led him to an evil path. He became a greedy and very ambitious king. After a while, because of his fearlessness, he died devastatingly. words: 1539

Friday, January 10, 2020

Managers in the future Essay

I believe that planning will always be important to a manager. If the importance were to become more or less important, I would say that it is going to become more important. Planning is when an organization defines their goals, establishes strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities (Robbins & Coulter, 2014). Planning is always needed because of the way things are constantly changing. An organization isn’t necessarily always changing, but the world is and then can affect an organization, so a company better be prepared. In the textbook, it says that managers should plan to provide direction, reduce uncertainty, minimizes waste and redundancy, and establishes the goals or standards used in controlling. This is extremely important in the planning process because it can help an organization in being successful. Providing directions in the planning process is very important because it helps build the foundation of how things will be done. Without directions, an organization would be a disaster because everyone would want to do things their own way causing confusion if people had to work together because there would be completely different methods. To me, providing directions is related to reducing the uncertainty in an organization. If there were uncertainties going on within the organization, then things probably would not happen due to confusion. Costs would be so high if planning wasn’t done to minimize waste and redundancy. If there is not a plan prepared on who was to do what, then an organization would be producing multiples of products causing the price spent on production and materials to be doubled. In plans, you want to have goals prepared. This gives people incentives to want to achieve a goal to succeed and possible advance in time. Standards are good to have so workers know what is expected of them. I have worked at a retirement for the last 5 years and an example of when my  managers use planning is when an expected storm is coming. The managers need to have a plan of what to do in case of a problem, such as a power outage. If there was no plan planned for a disaster like that, there would be serious issues do to the residents needing oxygen or motorized wheelchairs that need to be charged by a power source. This is a perfect example, in my opinion, of when planning really matters. References 1. Robbins, Stephen P., and Mary K. Coulter. â€Å"Chapter 4.† Management. 12th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. 220-225. Print.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Taking a Look at Ancient Egypt - 1181 Words

Africa is located to the south of the Western Europe and it is a very large landmass. It is bordered in the north by the Mediterranean Sea and on the east by the Red sea and the Indian Ocean and in the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Africa is known to have many diverse environments, which include arid areas, semi-arid, Tropical rainforests, Savanna, vast swamps and snowcapped mountains in the south of Africa. The first ever civilization in Africa was in Egypt along the river Nile. This civilization later spread to the other parts of Africa. The emergence of civilization in Africa provided a framework for most of developments in African history. There were different setups cultural and political aspects when civilization was emerging. The Egyptian civilization was the earliest and it was one of the catalysts in the development of civilization in other parts of Africa. The civilization began around 3000 BC. Its civilization is known to be one of the longest serving civilizations in the world’s history. Egypt is located in the Nile valley of northeast Africa. The life of Ancient Egypt was centered on the river Nile and the fertile land around it for the purpose of agriculture and commercial purposes. The river Nile provided them with the irrigation they needed and control the flow of the water so that the crops could grow in any weather condition of that area. The irrigation provided the Ancient Egypt with adequate food. The surplus crops were used for civilization and it wasShow MoreRelatedThe Balance Between Men And Women In Ancient Egypt1233 Words   |  5 Pagescentral values of ancient Egyptian civilization was maat - the concept of harmony and balance in all aspects of ones life. 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